1. Introduction to HTML
- What is HTML?
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and design web pages.
- It provides the structure for web pages by using a series of elements and tags.
2. Evolution of HTML Versions
HTML 1.0 (1991):
- Introduction: The very first version of HTML, introduced by Tim Berners-Lee.
- Features: Basic elements like headings, paragraphs, links, and lists.
- Usage: Primarily used for simple text-based web pages with links.
HTML 2.0 (1995):
- Introduction: The official standard by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
- Features: Added support for forms, images, tables, and more.
- Usage: Allowed more complex web pages with forms and multimedia.
HTML 3.2 (1997):
- Introduction: Released by the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).
- Features: Improved support for styling (e.g., <font>, <center>), applets, and scripting.
- Usage: Enabled more visually appealing and interactive web pages.
HTML 4.01 (1999):
- Introduction: The most stable and widely used version before HTML5.
- Features: Enhanced support for stylesheets (CSS), better scripting, and accessibility features.
- Variants:
- Transitional: Allowed older HTML elements.
- Strict: Deprecated older elements for cleaner code.
- Frameset: Used for pages with frames.
- Usage: Used to build more complex and accessible websites.
XHTML 1.0 (2000):
- Introduction: A stricter version of HTML based on XML (eXtensible Markup Language).
- Features: Required well-formed code with proper closing tags and case sensitivity.
- Usage: Ensured better compatibility and stricter coding practices.
HTML5 (2014):
Introduction: The latest and most powerful version of HTML, continuing to evolve with updates.
Features:
- New Elements: Semantic tags like <header>, <footer>, <article>, and <section>.
- Media Support: Native support for audio, video, and canvas for graphics.
- Improved Forms: New input types like email, date, and more.
- Offline Capabilities: Features like localStorage and sessionStorage for offline use.
APIs: New APIs for geolocation, drag-and-drop, and more.
Usage: Used for modern, interactive, and mobile-friendly websites.
Key Changes Over the Versions
- Doctype Declaration:
- HTML 4.01: Long and complex doctype.
- HTML5: Simplified doctype (<!DOCTYPE html>).
- Character Encoding:
- HTML 4.01: Required a meta tag for character encoding.
- HTML5: Simplified with <meta charset="UTF-8">.
- Semantic Elements:
- HTML 4.01: Used <div> for most structural elements.
- HTML5: Introduced semantic tags for better structure and SEO.
- Multimedia Support:
- Before HTML5: Required plugins like Flash for audio and video.
- HTML5: Native support for multimedia elements without plugins.
HTML5: The Future of Web Development
- Why HTML5?
- More powerful, flexible, and easier to use.
- Designed to work across all devices, including mobile phones and tablets.
- Continuously updated to meet the needs of modern web development.
- HTML5 in Action:
- Example: Adding a video without needing extra plugins.
<video controls> <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>
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